Inganda 4.0 zateye intambwe igaragara muri Amerika, hamwe n’ubucuruzi butunganya ibiryo n'ibinyobwa bisaga 36.500.Imashini-imashini (M2M) ihuza, amakuru manini hamwe no kwiga imashini zirimo gukoreshwa vuba kugirango zongere inyungu mu nganda zimaze igihe zirangwa n’imipaka mike.Kuva kuri gahunda yo gufata neza no kugenzura amasoko kugeza gutanga amakuru akurikirana ibisabwa na leta, Inganda 4.0 zitezimbere imikorere muri rusange.Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mu byuma byifashishwa mu igorofa y’uruganda arasesengurwa ku mpamvu zinyuranye, zirimo uburyohe buhoraho, imicungire y’ibikoresho, guhanura ibicuruzwa mu buzima, gupfunyika neza, n’umutekano w’abakozi.
Mu gihe inganda z’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa (F&B) zasigaye inyuma mu gukora amamodoka n’abakora ingufu mu kwakira Inganda 4.0, nta kindi cyiciro cy’inganda gishobora kubyungukiramo byinshi. Mu gihe inganda z’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa (F&B) zasigaye inyuma mu gukora amamodoka n’abakora ingufu mu kwakira Inganda 4.0, nta kindi cyiciro cy’inganda gishobora kubyungukiramo byinshi. В то время как матстрия କାନов п а и напитков (F&B) отстала от автопроизводите һәм и производите загги в вяятии Индустстрии 4.0, никакая другая отрасль не может извлечь из этого больше зы Mu gihe inganda z’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa (F&B) zikiri inyuma y’abakora amamodoka n’abakora ingufu mu gukoresha Inganda 4.0, nta rundi ruganda ruhagaze neza. Nubwo inganda zibiribwa n’ibinyobwa (F&B) ziri imbere y’abakora amamodoka n’abakora ingufu mu bijyanye na 春 抱 工业 4.0, nta kindi cyiciro cy’inganda gishobora kubyungukiramo byinshi. В то время как матстрия Канов п а и напитков (F&B) отстает от автопроизводите һәм и производите загги в вяятии Индустрстрии 4.0, никакая другая отрасль не может извлечь из этого больше зы Mu gihe inganda z’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa (F&B) zikiri inyuma y’abakora amamodoka n’abakora ingufu mu gukoresha Inganda 4.0, nta rundi ruganda ruhagaze neza. Ubuhanga bushya bwa digitale burimo gufasha inganda za F&B gusubiza muburyo bwihuse bwo guhindura ibyifuzo byabaguzi n'amahirwe agaragara. Ubuhanga bushya bwa digitale burimo gufasha inganda za F&B gusubiza muburyo bwihuse bwo guhindura ibyifuzo byabaguzi n'amahirwe agaragara.Ubuhanga bushya bwa digitale burimo gufasha inganda zibiribwa n'ibinyobwa gusubiza vuba ibyifuzo byabaguzi n'amahirwe mashya.Ubu, tekinoroji nshya ya digitale ifasha inganda za resitora gusubiza byimazeyo ibyifuzo byabaguzi hamwe n amahirwe agaragara.Ikoranabuhanga rya interineti rifasha kandi inganda gukurikiza amabwiriza akomeye ya leta yerekeye kwihaza mu biribwa, gukurikirana, agaciro k'imirire no kuramba.Byongeye kandi, ituma ibigo byunguka inyungu zipiganwa mukoresheje isesengura ryimikorere kugirango ifate ibyemezo byo kuzamura umusaruro no kugabanya ibiciro byakazi.
Imwe mu mpungenge zatumye inganda za F&B zidakira neza Inganda 4.0 ni imyumvire igaragara yibikoresho byinganda zikoresha inganda. Imwe mu mpungenge zatumye inganda za F&B zidakira neza Inganda 4.0 ni imyumvire igaragara yibikoresho byinganda zikoresha inganda.Kimwe mu bibazo byatumye inganda z’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa zidakurikiza neza Inganda 4.0 ni imyumvire igaragara y’ibikoresho by’urusobe rw’inganda.Kimwe mu bibazo bibuza inganda za resitora kwakira neza Inganda 4.0 ni intege nke z’ibikoresho by’urusobe.Kandi dore impamvu: Isoko ryibiribwa n'ibinyobwa rishyiraho isuku rikomeye kubikoresho, sisitemu n'ibigize, harimo ibikoresho nka sensororo y'uruganda, guhinduranya inganda, moteri n'ibindi bikoresho byo guhuza.Ibi bisabwa byubuzima byagaragajwe n’amabwiriza ya FDA yo “Kurinda Ibiryo by’abantu”, byemeza ko “ingamba zifatika n’ingamba zifatika” zifatwa kugira ngo hagabanuke ingaruka ziterwa n’ibiryo.Nubwo ibikoresho bifitanye isano numuyoboro bidakunze guhura nibiribwa, byose bigengwa nubutegetsi bwa FDA bubashyira mu ndege y’amazi y’umuvuduko ukabije mu gihe cy’isuku, bikabashyira mu bikorwa by’isuku bikabije, ibyuka, ruswa, n’ubushuhe.Ntabwo bigoye kubona impamvu abafite ibihingwa bashobora kongera gutekereza ku cyemezo cyabo cyo gushyira ibikoresho byumuyoboro byoroshye muri ibi bidukikije byiza.
Kubwibyo, abakora ibice byurusobe basabwa kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryabo.Ibi ni ukuri cyane kubutumwa bukomeye bwinganda Ethernet ihindura nkumugongo wurusobe.Nubwo uburyo bwa Ethernet bwananiranye ari ikibazo gikomeye mu bucuruzi, mu nganda z’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bishobora guteza igihombo cy’umusaruro ukabije, guverinoma yibutsa, ihazabu y’amabwiriza ndetse no kwangiza izina.
Abatunganya F&B bafite ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe. Abatunganya F&B bafite ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe. У процессоров F&B есть еще одна Кнаная бар. Abatunganya F&B bafite ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe.Ubucuruzi bwokurya bufite ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe.Ibicuruzwa bibisi bikoreshwa mubikorwa mubisanzwe bifite igihe gito cyo kubaho kuberako ibyinshi ari organic.Iyo imirongo yumusaruro ikorewe igihe kinini bitewe nigihe cyo guhindura imikorere cyangwa kunanirwa, ibicuruzwa byumwimerere bigomba kujugunywa muburyo bwangiza ibidukikije.Ibi birashobora kuvamo amafaranga yo guta imyanda n’amande, tutibagiwe nigiciro kinini cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho fatizo ubwabyo nigihe gitwara cyo gusukura umurongo mbere yo gutangira.
Hamwe n’inganda 4.0 zinjiye, abahindura Ethernet bava mubice byumutekano byubuyobozi bwa IT no kugenzura ukuri gukabije kwamaguriro ya OT, aho umusaruro ubangamiwe burimunsi nibibazo byinshi byangiza ibidukikije. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza imico yo gushakisha mumashanyarazi ya Ethernet yinganda zishobora gutanga igihe kirekire kwizerwa muruganda rwa F&B. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza imico yo gushakisha mumashanyarazi ya Ethernet yinganda zishobora gutanga igihe kirekire kwizerwa muruganda rwa F&B. В этой статье расс матривается, какие kaчества следует କାନать в про проленленом Ethernet-коммутаторе, который может обеспечить матгосрочную надежность на нәрсәиятии F&B. Iyi ngingo irareba imico yo gushakisha mumashanyarazi ya Ethernet yinganda zishobora gutanga igihe kirekire kwizerwa mubigo bya F&B. В этой статье описывается, какие kaчества следует କାନать в коммутаторе Inganda Ethernet, ч чы обеспечить нггрочную надежность на кияиятии F&B. Iyi ngingo isobanura imico ugomba gushakisha muri enterineti ya Ethernet kugirango yizere neza igihe kirekire mubigo bya F&B.
Mbere yo kuganira ku gaciro ka Ethernet yinganda mu nganda za F&B, reka tuvuge kubyo abahindura Ethernet bakora.
Ethernet ihindura ikora nkumuhuza.Yakiriye amakuru ahagarikwa cyangwa “ikadiri” kuri kimwe mu byambu, igasoma aderesi ya MAC ikadiri, ikagena aho igana, ikohereza amakuru ku cyambu igana muri nanosekond.Amakuru arashobora koherezwa icyarimwe hejuru yimiyoboro ibiri kubipimo byamakuru 100 Mbps (“Ethernet yihuta”), 1 Gbps (“Gigabit Ethernet”) hamwe na Gbps 10 (“10 Gbit Ethernet”).guhererekanya muri buri cyerekezo).
Imiyoboro ya Ethernet iracungwa cyangwa idacungwa.Guhitamo kimwe cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwishyiriraho biterwa ahanini nibikorwa bya nyiri uruganda.Mubisanzwe, umuyoboro ufite insinga yibanze ya topologiya ikoresha sisitemu idacungwa yemerera ibikoresho byahujwe kuvugana, ariko gake nabandi.Imiyoboro idacungwa ntabwo igaragara cyangwa ikemurwa kumurongo wa IP.Nka plug-no-gukina ibikoresho, inyungu zabo nyamukuru nuko zitanga byihuse, bidahenze, nta-iboneza ryogusimbuza no gusimbuza ibikoresho bidafite ikibazo.Imiyoboro idacungwa ningirakamaro mumiyoboro mito yo kongeramo ibyambu byinshi mugihe ikindi gikoresho gikora imicungire yamakuru, gusuzuma, nibindi bikorwa byubwenge byubwenge.Kurugero, switch idacungwa irashobora kuyobora sisitemu ikoreshwa mugupima ibice byihariye kumurongo wibikorwa, ariko ntishobora gucunga neza uburyo bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura amashusho ya IP yohereza amashusho asobanutse neza yubutaka bwuruganda mugihe nyacyo.
Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, icungwa riyobowe nigikoresho cyo gucunga ubwenge.Gukoresha ibintu byacungwa bigufasha gucunga kure, kugena, kugenzura, no gukemura ikibazo cyawe ukoresheje mushakisha y'urubuga GUI cyangwa SSH / Telnet / Serial CLI.Buri cyicungwa kiyobowe gifite aderesi ya IP, kuburyo igaragara nkumunyamuryango wurusobe.Gucunga byayobora nabyo bituma imiyoboro isangiwe muruganda.
Imiyoboro igoye hamwe na topologiya yuzuye izakenera ibintu biboneka gusa muri sisitemu yahinduwe.Gucunga byahinduwe byemerera topologiya itagira ingano muburyo bwimpeta kugirango wirinde gutakaza umurongo udafite aho uhurira.Muyandi magambo, imiyoboro ishobora gucungwa igomba gushyirwaho kugirango hubakwe umuyoboro wohereza amakuru adahagaritswe.Gucunga byahinduwe bitanga impinduka mugihe inzira zisanzwe zananiranye.Igihe bisaba gushakisha no gukoresha inzira nshya kumurongo, rimwe na rimwe byitwa guhinduranya cyangwa kugarura igihe, nikintu cyingenzi muburyo bwo guhindura imikorere. Kuberako imiterere ihambaye y'urusobekerane rwinshi mugutunganya, icungwa riyobora wahisemo rigomba gushyigikira protocole ya Ethernet Impeta yo Kurinda Porotokole igera kuri <50ms yo kugarura igihe. Kuberako imiterere ihambaye y'urusobekerane rwinshi mugutunganya, icungwa riyobora wahisemo rigomba gushyigikira protocole ya Ethernet Impeta yo Kurinda Porotokole igera kuri <50ms yo kugarura igihe.Bitewe nuburyo bukomeye bwo kugabanuka kwurusobe mugihe cyo gutunganya, imiyoboro iyobowe wahisemo igomba gushyigikira protocole ya Ethernet Impeta yo Kurinda kugirango ugere kumurongo wo kugarura imiyoboro iri munsi ya 50m.Bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwimiyoboro itagabanije mugihe cyo gutunganya, imiyoboro icungwa wahisemo igomba gushyigikira protocole ya Ethernet Impeta yo Kurinda, itanga igihe cyo kugarura imiyoboro itarenze ms 50.
Ubucuruzi busanzwe bwo mu rwego rwa Ethernet ntabwo bwihanganira ikoreshwa ryinganda, kabone niyo ryaba ryashyizwe muri guverenema.Ibyiciro byubucuruzi byateguwe kugirango bishyirwe mumazu cyangwa mubucuruzi kandi ntibirinzwe kurwego rwo hejuru rwa EMC, guhungabana, kunyeganyega, nubushuhe, cyangwa ibindi byangiza ibidukikije.Byashizweho kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke kandi bikoreshe amashanyarazi amwe.
Ku rundi ruhande, inganda za Ethernet zikoreshwa mu nganda, zagenewe ibidukikije bikaze, haba mu nganda z’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa, inganda, cyangwa abakora amamodoka.Yubatswe hamwe nibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge, iruta moderi yubucuruzi mubijyanye no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, guhuza amashanyarazi hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi.Aho kugirango ingufu za AC, zongerera ubwizerwe hamwe nimbaraga zidasanzwe za DC.Kurwanya guhungabana, EMC, ubushuhe, gaze, imiti, ruswa hamwe n ivumbi, Ethernet yinganda irashobora gushyirwaho ahantu hose habi, mubushyuhe kuva kuri -40 ° C kugeza 70 ° C.Icyuma gisobekeranye kirasabwa, kandi umuhuza udafunze amazi ntushobora kumeneka mugihe igikoresho cyatewe no kunyeganyega gukomeye.
Bumwe muri ubwo buryo bwo guhuza amazi bita M12, aho M igereranya metric na 12 igereranya uburebure bwa diameter yo hanze yumutwe, ni 12mm.Kubera ko zizunguruka, zirashobora gukoresha imigezi myinshi kandi biroroshe kubona hamwe no kurinda ibicuruzwa (IP) kuruta guhuza urukiramende rusanzwe kuko birwanya umwanda, umucanga, namazi, bishobora gutera ruswa nibindi bibazo.Ibi byose bituma M12 Ethernet ihindura neza mubikorwa byibiribwa n'ibinyobwa.Mubyongeyeho, M12 ihuza ifite pin inshingano zitandukanye bitewe nubwoko numubare wibimenyetso, ihuza na kode.Hafi ya Gigabit M12 Ethernet ihuza ni "X-code" kugirango ikosa ridafite amakosa yihuse yo kohereza amakuru.Umusaraba w'icyuma (X-shusho) mubihuza utandukanya neza amakuru ane.
Ibidukikije bikabije byinganda bisaba DIN ya gari ya moshi yashizwemo na Ethernet ihindura mumabati ya kure cyangwa akabati gakomeye.Ubu buryo busaba gukora insinga ndende kandi nini kubikoresho byahujwe.Usibye ikiguzi cyinyongera kandi kigoye, gukoresha insinga mugikoresho cyose birashobora gukora ingendo no kugwa.Amazu ya IP67 (adafite amazi) yubatswe hamwe na M12 umuhuza bituma Ethernet ihindura urukuta cyangwa imashini igashyirwa hanze yinama yubugenzuzi, kugabanya uburebure bwa kabili no gukuraho icyifuzo cyo kugura inama nini. Inzu z'ibyuma nazo zizahangana n’ibikoresho biva mu bikoresho n’ibikoresho mu gutunganya F&B hiyongereyeho amahame yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu mutekano n’isuku. Inzu z'ibyuma nazo zizahangana n’ibikoresho biva mu bikoresho n’ibikoresho mu gutunganya F&B hiyongereyeho amahame yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu mutekano n’isuku.Uruzitiro rw'icyuma narwo ntirurwanya ibikoresho n'ibikoresho mu biribwa n'ibinyobwa kandi byujuje ubuziranenge bwo hejuru n'isuku.Amazu y'icyuma kandi yihanganira ingaruka z'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho mu nganda y'ibiribwa kandi byujuje ubuziranenge bwo hejuru n’isuku.Impande zoroheje zamazu yimyubakire irinda gukura kwa bagiteri no kwegeranya amazi.
Guhindura imiyoboro akenshi birengagizwa, ariko nibice byingenzi byurusobe.Guhitamo imiyoboro ikwiye kugirango uhindure ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa biterwa nubunini bwurusobe, ubunini, urujya n'uruza rwinshi.Ibikurikira nubundi buryo bwo guhinduranya inganda zishobora gufasha gushyigikira uruhare rwa switch mubikorwa remezo, nubwo urutonde ruri kure cyane:
Imbaraga Zirenze kuri Ethernet (PoE) Ingengo yimariPoE ikomatanya amakuru nimbaraga hejuru yumugozi umwe wa Ethernet, bikagabanya kugorana hamwe nigiciro cyigihe kirekire cyo kubungabunga.Imbaraga zahinduwe zicunga IEEE 802.3at / af zujuje ibikoresho bikoreshwa (PDs) hamwe na 30W kuri buri cyambu hamwe na bije ya PoE ingana na 240W.M12 Yayobowe na PoE Ethernet Hindura ifasha koroshya ibikorwa remezo byitumanaho mugabanya umubare wibikoresho byinyongera, insinga, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa ukeneye.Kugirango uzigame imbaraga, M12 nyinshi zahinduwe nazo zishyigikira gahunda ya PoE hamwe na PoE yo guterura kugirango ushireho ibimenyetso bya PoE igihe bimara kandi bisabwa imbaraga.Mugihe uhisemo icyerekezo, hitamo imwe igufasha kugiti cyawe guhindura imbaraga ziboneka kuri buri cyambu kugirango uhuze ibisabwa neza na buri gikoresho gihujwe, bityo uhindure ingengo yimari ya PoE.
Ibyuma byinshi bya Gigabit Ethernet ibyambu Ethernet ihinduranya hamwe na 1G nyinshi zuzuzwa ni ngombwa mugihe ushyiraho cyangwa uzamura urusobe - ibyambu byinshi, nibindi-bizaza-ni.Ibyambu bya gigabit byongera kwaguka byoroshye kandi bitanga guhinduka ukeneye.
Igice cya 3 Icyicaro cyoroheje cyayobowe na Layeri 3 Yoroheje Yayobowe na (LL3) nubundi buryo buhendutse bushobora guhinduka kuri Layeri 3 yuzuye no kuzamura Layeri 2.Irashobora gufata ibyemezo bishingiye kuri aderesi ya IP hamwe na politiki ihamye isa na Layeri ya 3.Itandukaniro nuko urumuri rworoheje rwa 3 rudashyigikira inzira ya protocole, gusa inzira ihagaze.Byoroheje Layeri 3 ihindura igufasha gukora VLANs, inzira za VLAN, hamwe na IP ishingiye kumihanda ihagaze.
Ibitero bya cyber byibasiye inganda zibiribwa byiyongereye cyane, byibuze byibuze amasosiyete atanu y’ibiribwa yibasiwe nincungu kuva muri 2017. Umuyoboro woroheje wa Layeri 3 ukurikirana kandi ugakurikirana umuyoboro kugirango iterabwoba rikomeye rishobora guhagarara.Ethernet nyinshi zahinduye zitanga umutekano wurusobe rwuzuye, rushyigikira konti nyinshi zabakoresha, ACLs, RADIUS, TACACS +, SSH, HTTPS / SSL, IP Source Guard, 802.1x, nibindi byinshi.
Ubwiza bwa serivisi (QoS) Benshi mu bahindura bayobora bashyigikira Ubwiza bwa serivisi, bukoreshwa mu gutondekanya ubwoko bwimodoka yashushanijwe numuyoboro mubyiciro bitandukanye bya serivisi.Mugukora ibyo, bagabanya umuvuduko wumurongo muguta cyangwa kugabanya ibinyabiziga byihutirwa mugihe cyimodoka nyinshi.Inzira nyabagendwa igabanya cyangwa ikuraho ubukana mu bice bikomeye byurusobe.Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro icungwa irashobora gukoreshwa nka VLANs kugirango itandukane ibikoresho byunvikana murwego rwo hejuru rwimodoka, kugabanya kugongana no gutakaza umutungo ukora nkibice bya LAN.Kugira Ethernet ihinduranya na QoS na VLAN bizafasha kurinda imiyoboro y'itumanaho mugihe kizaza.
Kurinda Ingress (IP) 67 Igipimo cya IP67 bivuze ko uruzitiro rurinda ibikoresho byimbere ingaruka mbi zamazi n ivumbi.IP67 yahinduwe mu nganda itanga uburinzi ku mukungugu no mu biribwa cyangwa imyanda yafashwe mu bice bikomeye.Ufatanije na hose spray amazi arwanya amazi, biroroshye kubona impamvu abahuza bahitamo IP67-yemewe na M12 Yayoboye Guhindura ibiryo n'ibinyobwa.
Guhitamo inganda zikwiye za Ethernet nigice cyingenzi cyokwemeza kwizerwa, umutekano hamwe nigiciro-cyiza cyurusobe rwawe rwinganda.
Abaterankunga Ibirimo ni igice cyihariye cyishyuwe aho amasosiyete yinganda atanga ubuziranenge, butabogamye, butari ubucuruzi kubintu bishishikaje abumva ibiryo.Ibintu byose byatewe inkunga bitangwa namasosiyete yamamaza.Ushishikajwe no kwitabira igice cyatewe inkunga?Menyesha uwuserukira.
Injira Hixson Architecture & Engineering kubikorwa byacu ngarukamwaka 25 byuruganda rwibiribwa rwurubuga ruzaza, Gutanga Imishinga Yumushinga Mubidukikije Bitanga amasoko, bizasuzuma imbogamizi zo gutanga imishinga mugihe cyo guhungabanya amasoko.
Ugereranije ubujyakuzimu bwa siyansi nibikorwa bifatika, iki gitabo nigikoresho cyabanyeshuri barangije kimwe naba injeniyeri bakora ibiryo, abatekinisiye nabashakashatsi bakeneye amakuru agezweho kubijyanye no guhindura no kubungabunga ibidukikije, hamwe no kugenzura inzira hamwe na phytosanitarite.